Inja yendaleko

Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba inja indaleko. Izilwanyana ezilawulayo ziye zalawula izilwanyana ezinwabuzelayo iminyaka engama-70 yezigidi. Ezinye zeentlobo ezaziphila ngelo xesha zazikhangeleka njengeebhere, ezinye iingcuka, ezinye iifene, iintlobo zavela okanye zanyamalala.

Ngokubhekisele ezinjeni kuyaziwa ukuba eyona indala ifunyenwe ICynodictis, owayephila kwiminyaka engama-70 nama-40 yezigidi eyadlulayo kwilizwekazi laseAsia nelaseYurophu. Inye yabonwa kwilizwekazi laseMelika kwiminyaka engama-25 yezigidi eyadlulayo, kodwa sele ivele ngendlela eguqukileyo. Eli xesha libiziwe I-Pseudocynodictis kwaye wayehlobene kakhulu naye ICynodictis EYurophu.

Ookhokho bezinja

El ICynodictis ndine imbonakalo ekhethekileyo yokwakheka, nomzimba omde, oguqukayo, imilenze yayo yayimfutshane kakhulu, ineminwe emihlanu nezikhonkwane ezibuyisekayo. Iimpawu zazintle kakhulu.

Isigidi se-10 seminyaka kamva eMntla Melika kwakuhlala enye inja, egama layo i-daphoenus, ezibonakala ngathi sisiphumo somxube phakathi kwezinja neekati. Amathambo ayo ayefana ncam nalawo omileyo, kunye nokakayi lwenja okanye ingcuka.

Emva koko Imesocyon. Izazinzulu ezininzi zikuthatha oku njengokhokho othe ngqo wezinye ii-canids ezimbini, i ICynodesmus (imbaleki kakhulu) kunye I-Tomarctus (ngekakayi efana nee-canines zangoku).

Imbali kunye neMvelaphi yenja

Ngamanye amaxesha siye sizibuze ukuba zivela phi izinja, ziphi iziqalo zazo, kutheni zikhona kwaye kutheni kukho iintlobo ezininzi kangaka. Namhlanje siza kuyazi beziqala njani ngokulandelelana kwazo kude kube namhlanje, yona inja efuywayo ivela kukhokho okanye kwiqela lesinyanya eliqala emva kwiminyaka engama-30,000 eyadlulayo, lisuka apho lasasazeka kwihlabathi lonke.

Kwilizwe lakwaSirayeli Iintsalela zezinja zezinja ezingcwatyelwe ecaleni kwabantu zafunyanwa, Sinokuyiqonda into yokuba inkulungwane yenja yayinentsingiselo enkulu ebantwini, sinokuyibona eYiphutha kunye noofaro kwimizobo, kwaye kancinci kancinci baye bavela kwinkcubeko nakubemi.

Izinja yabelana ngendalo, umkhwa kunye nendlela yokuphila yabantuBaninzi ke abantu ababamkela njengabantwana babo bebabiza ngokuba ngabantwana abangabantwana, into ebangela umdla kukuba izifo ezininzi abantu abanazo, ezinjengesifo se-Alzheimer kunye nezinye iingxaki zemithambo-luvo.

Imvelaphi yenja khange ibe lula kwaye ibuyela emva kwiminyaka engama-50 ezigidi. I-canine yokuqala eneefosili yiProhesperocyon eyavela kwiminyaka engama-40 yezigidi eyadlulayo, kodwa kwiminyaka engama-30 yezigidi eyadlulayo kwavela ii-canines zokuqala ezazifana nengcuka kunye nodyakalashe, ezi zazivela eNyakatho Melika.

Ngexesha lokuvela kwayo, ezi canines zaququzelelwa kwiipaketheBabezingela bengamaqela kwaye babonwa ngobukhulu babo obukhulu kunye notyekelo lwabo lokuzingela ebusuku. Okwangoku, kwenziwe izifundo ze-DNA, kufunyaniswa ukuba inja, ingcuka kunye necoyote zabelana ngokulandelelana kwemithwalo yemfuza.

Nangona kunjalo, Ukufana kwengcuka kunye nenja kulawula ngakumbi, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba inja kukuzivelela kwengcuka, kodwa kunokuba babelane ngokhokho omnye ovela kuzo. Ukubonakala kwezinja zokuqala kwakumalunga ne-14 okanye ye-15 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo kwindawo enye yase-Eurasia.

Yintoni uguquko lwenja?

• Iminyaka engama-500,000 ngaphambi kukaKristu indoda eyandulelayo kunye neminyaka engamawaka angama-200,000 ngaphambi koKrestu: I-Canis Lupus (iingcuka) zokuqala ze-Canis sinensis ziyavela eJamani naseMelika, coyote eMntla Melika kunye neFox kunye noJackal eYurophu.
• Iminyaka engama-30,000 ukuya kwi-15000 phambi koKrestu: Kwakulixesha loKuzingela, kodwa kwakungekho zinja okwangoku. Iminyaka eli-15,000 ukuya kweli-10,000 XNUMX phambi kokuzalwa kukaKrestu izinja zasekhaya kunye namathambo ezinja kunye namadoda afunyanwa eRashiya. Kwakukho nezinja ezingenazo iindlebe kunye nomsila omde.
• Iminyaka engama-10,000 6,000 ukuya kuma-XNUMX ngaphambi koKrestu: I-Canis Farcolaris Palustris okanye inja ye-bog, ukhokho wohlobo lwe-spitz-kind, yavela: Ndonwabile, Chow chow, poodle enkulu. Inja yokuqala yavela eMpuma kwaye kulapho uninzi lweenja zivela khona.
• Iminyaka engama-4000 ngaphambi koKrestu- Izinja ezisetyenziselwa ukuzingela zavela eYiphutha. Iminyaka engama-3,000 2,000 ukuya kuma-XNUMX XNUMX ngaphambi kokuba uKrestu ayile ukubhala eJiphutha, ixesha leMadoda, ubukhosi bokuqala, ukumelwa kwegreyhound, enomsila omfutshane okanye obhijelweyo ngasemva.
• Iminyaka engama-2000 ukuya kwi-1000 phambi koKrestuIzinja zokuzingela ezingeniswe zivela e-Ethiopia zaya e-Egypt ngexesha loBukhosi obutsha. Kwiminyaka eli-1000 phambi kukaKrestu, eGrisi uAristotle wadwelisa iintlobo ezisixhenxe zezinja phakathi kwazo, iiMolossians, izinja zaseLaconia, iMelithean, ukhokho welogdog yaseMalta kunye ne-Epirote, inja enkulu eyomeleleyo.

Zazivelela njani izinja?

Kuyachazwa ukuba Izinja ziingcuka kwaye oku kwenzeka kwiminyaka engama-33 eyadlulayo. Ngokweengcinga zeengcali, baqaqambisa ukuba inokuba yayiyinxalenye yokwahlula phakathi kweengcuka ezimbini kwaye omnye wabo wayenokuthi kamva abe ziinja zasekhaya.

Ngokwengcinga, ibonisa ukuba izinja zelo xesha zazinokwenziwa ngabantu xa befuna ukutya. Ukulungiswa kwezinja kwasasazeka kwihlabathi liphela, kubandakanya nokuzala kwazo. Ke ngoko, iingcali zaqala ukuxhaphaza i-genetics yezinja, ngaloo ndlela zifezekisa ukubonakala kokuziphatha okwahlukileyo okwahlukileyo.

Ukulungiswa kwenja

Izinja bezingasoloko zingumhlobo osenyongweni womntu. Ayisiyiyo kuphela ngenxa yokuvela kwabo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba kuye kwafuneka ukuba badlule kwixesha lokuvuselelwa ekhaya. Kwaye sithetha malunga nexesha elide, kuba, ngokweengcali ngokwazo, kuyaziwa ukuba oku Iqale ubuncinci iminyaka eyi-19.000 eyadlulayo, eYurophu.

Ngokukodwa, kwaye ngokutsho kohlalutyo olwenziwe zizazinzulu ezithile zaseYurophu, kuqikelelwa ukuba ukufuywa kwenja kwaqala phakathi kweminyaka engama-19.000 ukuya kuma-32.000 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, apho baphinde bafumanisa uthotho lweengxelo ezitsala umdla omkhulu kwaye sizenzele.

Ngokophando olupapashwe kwijenali yeSayensi, inja ibingahlali "ingumhlobo" ebantwini. Njengoko sele uyazi, le nto yayinokuzivelela kwezinto eyamenza ukuba ahambe engcuka aye enjeni, kwaye ukusuka ekubeni ndlongondlongo ukuya ekuthandeni ngakumbi abo bamthandayo. Kodwa kwabakho inkqubo yasekhaya.

Ukongeza, kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba abantu Ngokuqinisekileyo bakwazile ukuzifuya ekhaya izinja babengabazingeli ngokwabo, enkosi ngokwazi kwakhe ukuqeqesha nokudambisa iingcuka zasendle ezithe, ekuhambeni kwexesha, zaba zizinja zanamhlanje.

Isifundo esingqubana namanye amabango

Kwaye ukuba le ngxelo yesifundo ingqubana nezinye ezasekwa njenge-Eurasia (Middle East) okanye i-East Asia ukugcinwa kwezi zilwanyana. Kule meko, ubungqina benzululwazi bunikiwe lulandelelwano lwemfuza lwenja yeli xesha, olwaluthelekiswa nolweefosili zaseAsia, eYurophu nakwezinye iindawo zehlabathi. Oku kukhokelele ekubeni iingcuka zamandulo zase-Europe zibe zezona zinxulumene kakhulu nemfuza, esivumela ukuba sithi izinja zakudala zasekhaya zazivela eYurophu.

Ingcuka yahlaliswa njani ukuze ibe yinja?

Ngokuqinisekileyo asinakukwazi ukuba zazinjani izilwanyana zasekhaya, kuba akukho sikhombisi sibhaliweyo, kodwa kulindelwe ukuba inkqubo yayinde kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe, kuba kwathatha iminyaka emininzi ukuba baguqukele kwindlela abaziwa ngayo ngoku.

Into oyaziyo kwizifundo esele zenziwe ngokuqinisekileyo Inkqubo yenzeka kuba zombini iintlobo zixhamle. Ewe bobabini indoda nengcuka baxhamla kobu budlelwane, yiyo loo nto, kancinci kancinci yaqala ukuhlala phantsi yabangela utshintsho, ngakumbi kwizilwanyana (ezinjengebala lolusu, i-morphology, ubungakanani ababufumene ...).

Uncedwe njani umntu yingcuka

Kule meko, umntu kunye nengcuka kubonakala ngathi ziintshaba ezingqwabalala. Kwaye babenjalo; Iingcuka zazihlasela abantu kunye nezilwanyana okanye nezityalo ezazinazo, ke azinakuthenjwa.

Nangona kunjalo, bekukho isibonelelo seengcuka: babebakhusela kwezinye izilwanyana. Ukuba kufutshane neelali, ezinye izilwanyana ezininzi zazingasondeli kuba ziqonda ukuba le yintsimi yeengcuka, kwaye kunqabile ukuba esinye isilwanyana sizame ukujongana nazo. Oku kubangela ukuba abantu bajolise kwiingcuka ukuze bazikhusele kodwa ngokungathanga ngqo, bona (iingcuka) yayingabo sele bekhusele abantu ngokuthi "babarhangqele" njengethagethi yabo.

Zazixhamla njani iingcuka ebantwini

Ngoku, iingcuka zifumene isabelo sazo koku. Asisayi kuphinda sihlasele abantu, izilwanyana okanye izityalo, kodwa endaweni yoko banokufumana ukutya, nokuba kukutya okuseleyo kwendoda leyo, okanye ukubanika ukubagcina bezolile kwaye bayishiye eyabo yodwa.

Ukongeza, abaninzi baqala ukusebenzisa iindawo zokuhlala zabantu njengendawo yokuhlala, nokuba kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi, imozulu embi, ubushushu ... Ngendlela ababeqonda ngayo ukuba abantu 'babengekho mbi kangaka' kwaye ubudlelwane babusenziwa.

Ngapha koko, kusenokwenzeka ukuba yile ndlela isenziwa ngabantu xa bebanika ukutya (ayaziwa ukuba ingazisindisa na ezinye izilwanyana, izityalo, njl. Njl.) Ukuzama ukubashiya bodwa ukuze batyiwe ukuze bangahlaseli into abayifunayo) nantoni na enokubangela ukuba i-canine yasekhaya iqale.

Ikhaya kunye novavanyo

Ukongeza kwikhaya lokufuya izinja ngokwendaleko yazo, kufuneka sibhekise kwimizamo emininzi yoososayensi yokwenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zenja. Kwaye uninzi lweentlanga esizaziyo namhlanje azizalwanga ngokwendalo kodwa zaphenjelelwa sisandla somntu.

Ngamanye amagama, iingcuka, izinja okanye nantoni na ofuna ukuyibiza, wakhonza "njengeehagu zeguinea" ukuvavanya nokwenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ukuzama ukufumana okona kulungileyo (okanye okona kubi) komnye nomnye ukufumana ugqatso olwahlukileyo ngembuyekezo.

Ngaba loo mpembelelo yaba nefuthe kwikhaya? Ngandlela thile, ewe, kuba uninzi lweentlobo zithobekile kunezinye kuba bezama ukwenza izinja ezinoxolo kwaye zingenazo ezo zofuzo zinoburhalarhume ezenziwa zezinye iintlobo.

Inja yenzalo iminyaka eli-100

Uninzi lweentlobo zezinja ziyimveliso eyenziwe ngabantu kuvavanyo kunye novavanyo, kuba badibanise izinja ezahlukileyo ke ngoko kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo.

Ngexesha leminyaka eli-100 edlulileyo iimpawu bezitshintsha kancinci kancinci, ke ezinye iintlobo zeenja zahlukile kancinci kwaye aziqhelekanga kuleyo zazineminyaka eyi-100 eyadlulayo, zezinye zezo zinto zibonakalayo. Ibizwa njalo ukhetho olungelulo olwenziweyo kwimfuzo olwenziweyo ngabantu ezinjeni.

Yintoni uqoqosho lwenja?

Kuqala kufuneka sazi ukuba yintoni i-taxonomy, yile yona isebe lebhayoloji eliphethe ukwahlulwa kunye nokuqanjwa kwezinto nganye ephilayo. Inja yeyoPhylum chordata, oko kukuthi, yeengxoxo. Aba ngabantu abanentambo yangemva. Le ntambo ibonelela ngqongqo kwaye kwezinye iimeko ithathelwa indawo ngumqolo njengenja.

Ziintoni iimpawu zezinja?

Izinja ngokwazo zinempawu ezininzi kunye neempawu ezifanayo nezo zidingwa ngumntu ukuze aphile, kungoko sishiya uluhlu lweempawu zabo:

Uluntu

Sisakhono abanaso ngaphakathi xa kufikwa ekufundeni yonke into abayifundiswayoYiyo loo nto kusithiwa zizilwanyana ezikrelekrele kakhulu. Kuya kufuneka sibonise nenqanaba lentlalontle abaligcinayo nabantu, ukuba bahlala emihlambini kuyakubonakala ngakumbi.

NoNxibelelwano

Izinja Nxibelelana ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo njengomchamo wokumakisha, bayaphunga umntu ukuba afune ukumxelela into, banokusebenzisa ukukhonkotha, ukugquma nokukhwaza, kunxibelelwano lomzimba wabo kubalulekile kunxibelelwano lwabo kwaye bayenza ngokushukumisa umsila, inqina libonisa imeko yoloyiko. okanye uloyiko.

Ukuveliswa kwakhona

Abafazi Bafikelela ekuvuthweni ngokwesondo emva kweenyanga ezilithoba kunye nabesilisa abajikeleze i-15, kodwa oku akuqinisekanga ngokupheleleyo, kuba kuya kuxhomekeka kakhulu kuhlobo lwenja, kunokuba ngaphambi okanye emva kwezi parameter, eyona nto ifanelekileyo ngokomgangatho kukumlinganisa ngonyaka onesiqingatha.

Olunye uphawu lwezinja ezinalo zezi:

• Umndilili wobomi: phakathi kweminyaka eli-11 okanye eli-15.
• Ukutya ukutya: inyama engatyi ngqwabalala.
• Iimfuno zamandla: phakathi kwe-130 kunye ne-3,500 yeekhalori ngosuku
• Ubuxoki: Banamazinyo angama-42.
• Ubushushu bomzimba: phakathi kwama-38 ukuya kuma-39 degrees.
• Pulse: phakathi kwe-60 kunye ne-120 beats ngomzuzu kwiinjana nangaphezulu.

Siyathemba ukuba olu lwazi belunomdla kuwe ukuba umazi ngcono umhlobo wakho onoboya.