Ngisakhumbula ukuthi ekolishi lami labapristi, uMiss Agustina, uthisha wami webanga lesi-2 le-EGB, wasichazela kanjani kungani izinja zazingafuni njengabantu, futhi kwakungenxa yokuthi babengenawo umoya, futhi njengoba noma babeyizidalwa zikaNkulunkulu, babeyizidalwa eziphansi ... kwakukhona izifundo ezakufakazela lokho.
Ngaleso sikhathi angazanga ukuthi ngimphendule ngithini. Namuhla ngikulethela lo mbhalo njengempendulo kimi, futhi-ke, ngifuna ukuwabelana nawe. Ngikushiya ngokufaka: Ngubani othi izinja azinayo imizwa?
Kunzima kakhulu (cishe akunakwenzeka) kumnikazi wenja, ukuthi isilwane sakhe asinayo imizwa noma imizwa. Noma ngubani onenja uzokutshela, ukuthi inja yakhe udinga ukukhuluma kuphela ukuze ube ngumuntu. Kodwa-ke, kusekhona ingxenye yomphakathi wezesayensi wamazwe omhlaba ophikelela odabeni. Ukuthi la mazwi avelaphi nokuthi iyiphi inhloso yawo, yisihloko esingikhathazayo kokuthunyelwe kwanamuhla.
Ake siqale izinjini ...
Imizwelo Nemizwa ezinjeni zethu
Kunzima kakhulu ukugomela ukuthi izinja azinayo imizwaKodwa-ke, amakhulu eminyaka, umphakathi wezesayensi wamazwe omhlaba ubungabaza ikhono, hhayi lezinja kuphela, kodwa lazo zonke izilwane, lokujabula ngokwanele ukuzwa nokuhumusha imizwa yabo ezingeni lokuqonda. Akukona manje.
Ososayensi nabacwaningi bayo yonke imivimbo kudala babamba inkolelo yokuthi izinja zazingenayo imizwa noma imizwa. Ama-Descartes, ngokwesibonelo, athi ngezinja ukuthi bayimishini yokugqwayiza (UMachina Animata othe), futhi namuhla kunezinhlobo zonke zemibono yokuthi kanjani akunakwenzeka ukuthi inja izizwe noma ijabule.
Udokotela Wezilwane kanye noProfesa Wezesayensi Yezilwane UFred Metzger, unemibono yakhe ngalokho:
Izinja abayizwa imizwa yabo njengathi. Abathandi njengathi. Okwenziwa yinja ukutshala imali kubantu, ukuthuthukisa zonke izinhlobo zokuziphatha ezisebenzela ukuthola uthando noma ukudla. Ngale ndlela, lapho isilwane sithambe ngokwengeziwe futhi sithinteka ngokomzwelo, sinakwa kakhudlwana. Inja isheshe ilandise ukuthi lapho ikwazi ukuvusa uthando kakhulu, isinxephezelo sayo sizoba sikhulu, futhi yilokho ekwenzayo, ukulingisa uthando.
Ngikholwa wukuthi uma sishiya inja isikhashana komakhelwane abathile, futhi banikeze imivuzo efanayo, inja izobathanda maduzane njengabanikazi bayo.
Mina uqobo, ngaphambi kwalokhu kugomela kwe USolwazi Wezilwane, Kumele ngimangale. Kodwa-ke kude nokuxakaniseka manje ngombono wami ngombono kaDoctor Metzger, ngizoqhubeka futhi kamuva, Ngizozama ukuveza umbono wami ngalokho akushoyo, nangokuthi wayeka ukusho ini.
Manje, njengamanje ngifuna ukubuza imibuzo embalwa engathandeki:
Kuyacaca ukuthi namuhla, ukuthambekela okujwayelekile akukhona ukuphenya ukuthi kungani izinja zingenayo imizwa, kepha kunalokho okuphambene. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinja nabantu kanye nocwaningo lwabo kutholakala ezifundweni ezisezingeni eliphansi zomphakathi wesayensi wamazwe omhlaba, lapho kungagcini nje ngokufunda ngezinja, odokotela bezilwane kanye nothisha abafunda izinja kanye nokuhlakanipha kwabo okungokomzwelo, kepha futhi nezazi zezinzwa, izazi zezinto eziphilayo kanye nezazi zezenhlalo. Bonke balwela uku khombisa ukuthi izinja ziyajabula futhi ziyazizwa. Ngokubambisana, babheka izindlela ezintsha zokwenza lokhu kuxhumana kucace kakhulu esinakho nezinja ezinamandla, ezicebile futhi ezingokwemvelo, ukuthi ngezindlela ezintsha kusenze sisebenzise ngokunenzuzo izakhiwo ezinkulu lokhu kuhlangana okuletha kubantu, nakuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaba khona it has.
Yebo, uma kunjalo, ngubani owenza isifundo ukufakazela okuphambene nalokho? Ngubani ochitha imali efakazela ukuthi izinja azinayo imizwa? Ngubani onentshisekelo? njengoba amaRoma asho: UCui Bono?
Futhi yilapho ubumnyama balolu daba buqala khona.
Ngubani ozuzayo?
Ngiqala ngokuvuma ukuthi bengingafuni ukucwaninga kakhulu ngale ndaba, ngoba kubuhlungu kimi, ukubona izindatshana nokufunda ngokuhlolwa kwezilwane, kepha ngenze umzamo wokuba neqiniso ngangokunokwenzeka futhi nakhu ngikushiya iziphetho zami . Ngifunga ukuthi njengoba ngangisemncane Ngiyakuzonda konke okuphathelene nokuhlolwa kwezilwane Futhi njengoba lesi sihloko siwukusebenzisa ubuzenzisi ezingeni lomphakathi, kodwa-ke, ngizogxila emizamweni yami ekwaziseni ngangokunokwenzeka. Futhi ukuthi isihloko sinemvuthu.
Yebo, sekungamakhulu eminyaka, abantu bezama izilwane. Intuthuko yethu kwezokwelapha yakhelwe ezigidini zezidumbu zezilwane, kusukela kumagundane kuya emahhashini. Futhi lokho bekulokhu kuyibhizinisi elihle kakhulu.
Namuhla, kuningi izinkampani ezithengisa izilwane ukuze zizame ngokwesayensi Lezi zinkampani zazikade ziseMelika, kepha emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, kuvulwe izinkampani ezahlukahlukene ezinikezelwe ukukhulisa izilwane ukuze kwenziwe ucwaningo lwesayensi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, ngokwesibonelo, izinkampani ezinjengeNoveprim, ezinikele ekukhuliseni izinkawu ukuze zihlolwe, futhi ezinohlobo lwazo lwezinkawu lokuhlola olubhaliswe nge-copyright, zakhe isikhungo sokuzalela eCamarles, eTarragona, lapho kuzohlinzeka khona izinkampani eYurophu. Le nkampani ithenge ingxenye yamasheya ayo ngenye inkampani emkhakheni, i-COVANCE, ezinikele ekuhlinzekeni izinsizakalo ezinkampanini zesayensi nezemithi, yize iklayenti layo elikhulu kunguMbutho Wezempi wase-US.
Futhi eSpain?
ESpain, kuhlolwe nezilwane. IComplutense University yaseMadrid inezifundo ezilinganisiwe ezingama-50 ekuhloleni, lonke uhlobo lweBeagle, okuluhlobo olujwayele ukusetshenziselwa lokhu. Lezi zinja zithengiswa yizinkampani zomhlaba wonke ezinikezelwe kwizinsizakalo zocwaningo lwesayensi, njengeHarlan Iberica, iCharles River noma iB & K Universal. Lezi zinkampani zimaketha ngempilo yezidalwa eziphilayo, futhi zithola imali eningi ngazo. Intengo yeBeagle ongazama ngayo izungeze ama-euro ayi-1000 500. Intengo yeBeagle, yanoma imuphi umuntu, onozalo, ngeke yeqe ama-XNUMX eu. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, umehluko omkhulu.
Yize izikhathi eziningi singazi ngakho, empeleni, imikhiqizo eminingi esiyidla nsuku zonke, iyahlolwa ezilwaneni. Izimonyo, izidakamizwa, ukudla, izinto ezintsha, nokunye okuningi, kuhlolwe ngaphambilini nabangane bethu be-canine (nezinye izilwane eziningi, nazi izinombolo ezisemthethweni zezilwane ezisetshenziswa eSpain), Futhi ukusetshenziswa kwabo kudlulela kweminye imikhakha, kusuka emaNyuvesi, lapho kusetshenziselwa khona ukuhlolwa ngabafundi emagatsheni afana neMedicine noma iVeterinary Medicine, noma izinhloso zempi, okungukuthi ngincamela ukungaphawuli ngempilo yami engokomzwelo.
Lezi zinhlobo zezinkampani, zigxile emkhankasweni wazo wokukhangisa, zagxila ngendlela ezazifuna sizibone ngayo izinkampani zazo, emashumini eminyaka adlule, ekuboniseni izifundo zesayensi zomphumela ongabazekayo, ukuthi izilwane azizwangaBabengenayo ngisho nemizwa. Lokhu kwenze kwaba lula ukuthi bamukeleke ngombono womphakathi, okwenze kwaba lula ukuthi bathuthuke njengenkampani. Akulula ukuthola abatshalizimali uma becabanga ngomsebenzi wakho ukuthi ungumbulali wezilwane. Kulula ukukuqonda lokho.
Ngalesi sizathu, lolu hlobo lwenkampani luhlale lunikela ingxenye enkulu yesabelomali sayo sokukhangisa ku zama ukwamukelwa kangcono phakathi kombono womphakathi, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu, enye yemizamo yakhe yokuqala kwakuwukuzama ukukhombisa ukuthi izilwane zazingenayo imizwa noma imizwa efana neyabantu. Yize lokho okubizwa nge-Emotional Intelligence, kungazange kufundwe njengoba kunjalo nanamuhla, umzamo wokuqala wemishini yezimboni yalezi zinkampani kwaba ukunqamula izibopho abantu abanazo, ngokomzwelo nezilwane, futhi ikakhulukazi nezinja. Indlela yakhe yokuzama ukunquma lo thayi kwakuyizifundo ezathi, ngemibono efana naleyo kaProfessor Metzger, yabonisa ukuthi izinja azihlupheki njengabantu, nokuthi lokhu kwabenza izifundo ezifanelekile zokuhlola. Njengoba ngikutshela.
Nokho, lowo mqondo awuzange ubambe hhayi nakancane ngaphambi kwabathandi bezilwane, futhi lolo thando esinalo ngezinja zethu, kuholele ezifundweni eziningi zesayensi, ezinemiphumela efakazelwe nethembekile, ezisitshela ngenye indlela.
Izinkampani ezisemkhakheni zenzeni zama ukunciphisa umthelela omubi Yini edala umsebenzi wakho webhizinisi esithombeni sakho senkampani emehlweni omphakathi jikelele? Well, do what I see as a flight forward. Yize kunjalo, unikezwe izindlela ezitholakalayo kulo mkhakha wemboni, kungahle kubahambele kahle. Ake ngichaze.
Lapho konke kuvela khona
Lapho ngizama ukucacisa lolu daba kancane, futhi ngibone ukuthi izifundo ezaxhasa ukungabi bikho kwemizwa ezilwaneni zivelaphi, ngithole inethiwekhi yonke yezinhlangano, izinkampani namaqembu okukhuthaza ukuhlolwa kwezilwane. Njengoba ufunda abangane bami.
Lezi zinhlangano, vikela isidingo sokuzama izilwane futhi bathula amagama afana ne-Bioethics noma i-Animal Welfare, futhi basitshela ngezinqubo eziphephile kanye nemithetho eyisisekelo efana ne-3R's (Buyisela ukusetshenziswa kwezilwane ngamasiko amaseli noma ukulingiswa kwamakhompiyutha uma kungenzeka, Nciphisa inani lezilwane kulabo abadingeka kakhulu Cwenga izindlela ezisetshenzisiwe ukukhulisa inhlalakahle yezilwane), ukuze kuthethelelwe umsebenzi wabo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela bajabulele amathuba afanayo nezinye izinkampani.
Kulokhu basebenzise lokho okwenyunyana amandla, nokusebenzisana kwezinkampani ezikulo mkhakha, lapho bekufuna amafomula wokukhangisa aqeda isithombe sabo esibi, Inkulu kakhulu futhi iqinile, futhi ingathambeka kalula ezinhlanganweni nasemiphakathini eyahlukene emhlabeni jikelele njenge:
- I-National Association for Biomedical Research (US)
- Pro-Isivivinyo Italy (IT)
- Ukuqonda Ucwaningo Lwezilwane (UK)
- Ekhuluma ngocwaningo
- Inhlangano Yesimemezelo saseBasel (Switzerland)
- I-groupe interprofessionnel de reflexion et de communication sur la recherche IGIRCOR (FR)
- Ukuqothula Informatie Dierproeven (NL)
- AmaMelika Ngokuthuthuka Kwezokwelapha (US)
- I-Pro-test Deutschland (KUSUKA)
Kukhona futhi izinhlangano zezwekazi, njengesibonelo U-EARA(European Animal Resarch Association) exhaswa yikho konke lokhu okungenhla, nakho okuxhaswa yizinkampani ezihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezinkampanini zocwaningo. Masibeke inkinobho njengesampula:
El IMFIHLO yiyona ISpanish Society for Laboratory Animal Sciences, okuyi-Spanish version yamaqembu ashiwo ngenhla. Le Nhlangano ixhaswa yizinkampani ezinjenge:
Ngabe ukhona owaziyo amagama amabili okugcina?
Ngizoqhubeka ngithole iziphetho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Lezi zinkampani nezinye eziningi zixhasa imali ye- ISpanish Society for Laboratory Animal Sciences, nge iminikelo emnandi, futhi ngokubuyisela, leli bhizinisi, lithuthukisa izinzuzo esintwini kanye ne- isidingo sokuhlolwa kwezilwane ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene kakhulu nangezindlela ezingenzeka. Isibonelo, ukunikeza ukuqeqeshwa ngohlobo lwezifundo, izingqungquthela nezingqungquthela, lapho uProfesa baseNyuvesi, odokotela nabaqondisi bezikhungo kanye nemiphakathi yezesayensi babamba iqhaza njengezikhulumi, zona-ke ezijwayele ukuba ngamakhasimende aphambili alezi zinkampani. Futhi masingakhohlwa ukuthi zonke lezi zinkampani zinoxhaso lukahulumeni nolwaseYurophu ku-R & D.
Ngakho-ke, izikhulumi zalolu hlobo lwemicimbi, ezihlelwe yi-SECLA, banesivumelwano esiqondile, ngezikhundla zakhe ezehlukene zobungcweti, nezinkampani ezimxhasayo.
Ngabe ukhona omunye onuka iphunga?
Okuthile kunuka ukubola eDenmark
Ngalesi sicaphuno esivela kuHamlet, Ngigxila ochungechungeni lwemibono yomuntu siqu, ukuthi ngifuna ukuhlanganyela nawe, futhi ngithemba ukuthi uzosisiza qonda ubukhulu balesi sihloko.
Ngamanye amagama, iminyango yamanyuvesi ehlukene kanye nezikhungo zesayensi zaleli zwe, Bathenga izilwane ukuze bazilinge ezinkampanini ezahlukahlukene kulo mkhakha, ikakhulukazi amazwe amaningi, lawo axhasa ngezimali iSosayensi Yezinhlangano Nezinhlangano ezifana ne-SECLA, ikhuthaza isidingo sokuqhubeka nokuzama futhi lokho kukhuluma ngemiqondo efana ne-bioethics nenhlalakahle yezilwane ezilwaneni zaselebhu, futhi lokho kuthuthukisa uchungechunge lwezinkambiso zokusiza ezilwaneni, futhi lokho kunikeza ukuqeqeshwa, ngezifundo, izinkulumo, imihlangano kanye nezingqungquthela, lapho izikhulumi eziyinhloko kungabaqondisi, osolwazi , odokotela nososayensi beminyango yezinhlaka ezingenhla.
Uma kungenasolisa, okungenani inelukuluku. Ikakhulukazi lapho lawo Manyuvesi kanye Nezikhungo, Bathenga izinja zeBeagle ngesilinganiso sama-euro angama-1000 ngesilwane ngasinye. Ngiyazi ukuthi othile uzozama ukungichazela ukuthi lezi zinja zilinganiselwe ngokwezakhi zofuzo, nokuthi zingezohlobo olukhethekile olungenazo izifo nobuthakathaka bokudla, kepha ngiyaphinda ... ama-euro ayi-1000 weBeagle ...
E-hatchery enhle, omunye uthanda I-Decasla, engashibhile ngoba ihlangabezana nayo yonke imithethonqubo engaba khona, futhi ineminyaka engama-20 yesipiliyoni, inja yeBeagle enoPedigree, inenani lama-euro angama-400. Ngicabanga ukuthi toooooooda umehluko.
Futhi isebenza kanjena eSpain. E-US, izinkampani zixhasa ngqo Iminyango yeNyuvesi inika izifundi nemali yocwaningo kososayensi nabaqondisi bezikhungo nezinhlangano zesayensi.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi kukhona oDokotela bezilwane nabaProfesa kwiSayensi Yezilwane, bathuthukisa zonke izinhlobo ze imibono kanye nezifundo ezisiza izimboni zezinkampani ezizogcina ngokuzixhasa. Futhi angifuni ukukhomba ukuthi uFred ukuphi, kungani kubi ukukhomba uFred, kungenjalo ...
Ukudiliza umbono kaFred
Ukugxila ngqo emcabangweni kaFred Metzger wendoda endala, umcwaningi, uprofesa nodokotela wezilwane e-University of Pennsylvania, ngombono wami, uchungechunge lombhedo oshiwo ngumuntu okufanele azi ukuthi ukhuluma ngani, kunengxenye, ingxenye yesitatimende somqondo wakhe, lapho ebeka khona isibonelo esisebenzayo ukwengeza ukwethembeka, okuyinto emangalisayo ikakhulukazi ukuthi uchwepheshe ukusho ngokuqhubeka kwakhe.
Ngempela, Ngiphume kakhulu. Ngisho ngokusobala futhi ngiyazichaza. UDokotela Metzger omuhle iyasitshela:
"Ngicabanga ukuthi uma sishiya inja isikhashana komakhelwane abathile, bese beletha imivuzo efanayo, inja izobathanda kungekudala njengabanikazi bayo"
Izinja yizilwane zomphakathi. Zakha izibopho ezingokomzwelo nabantu abahlala nabo nalabo abanobudlelwano obuhle (nalabo abangenabo), ngoba emhlambini, kuyadingeka ukuba nobudlelwano, futhi lokhu kuvame ukususelwa kuzisusa ezivamile nezinhloso. Ukulandela isibonelo sikaFred omdala omuhle, uma sishiya inja yethu kumakhelwane isikhashana, futhi ayinike imiklomelo nemivuzo, uzokwakha isibopho somzwelo nalo makhelwane, noma kunjalo ngeke akwenze lokho ngokufaka esikhundleni sobudlelwano ayenabo nathi ngokusha.uzomane ube nobudlelwano obusha nomuntu, okungafanele bufane nobakho onathi.
Izinja yizilwane ezinemizwa nemizwa, hhayi imishini ekhiqiza uchungechunge lokuziphatha lapho ubhekene nesikhuthazi. Kujwayelekile kakhulu ukuthi inja efanayo ihlakule isimilo esihlukile ngaphambi kwesikhuthazi esifanayo, esivela kubantu abahlukene. Lokhu kungenxa ye- inja ivumelana nezimo futhi iguquke ngendlela efanayo neyabantu, ngemizwa nemizwa. Futhi ngabeka isibonelo esilula.
Uma inja efanayo ikhishelwa emgwaqweni ngabantu abaningana, inja izoba nokuziphatha okwehlukile kumuntu ngamunye, kuya ngobuntu bakhe nangobudlelwano anabo nenja. Akukhathalekile ukuthi banikeza umklomelo ofanayo, inja izovumelana nesimo, futhi iyoziphatha ngendlela ehlukile nelungu ngalinye leqembu elikuyo. Futhi mhlawumbe noma ngabe bonke bakunikeza imiklomelo nemiklomelo efanayo, ubudlelwano bakho nabo buzohluka kibo bonke, okuyinto njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, kuya ngobuntu bomuntu ngamunye futhi isibopho esingokomzwelo abanaso nenja.
Ekugcineni, isibonelo uFred asinikeza sona sinephutha lokho ukungayinaki ngokuphelele i-psychology yesilwane, futhi igxila ngqo esicini esisodwa sokusebenzisana komuntu nenja, inikeze isimo esonakele sesimo, lapho ethatha khona iziphetho ezisheshayo ezingasekelwa ndawo. Angazi ngempela ukuthi kanjani umuntu ngerekhodi lakhe lezemfundo angasho ubudlova obunjalongaphandle kokuthi unentshisekelo yokukusho.
Ukuqeda
Kuyamangaza ukuthi, kwesinye isikhathi, sifunda izinhlobo ezithile zama-athikili, sichaza zonke izinhlobo zemibono nezifundo, ukuthi kulula ukuzibuza, ngemuva kokuzifunda, buyini ubulukhuni besayensi futhi basebenzela yiphi injongo, futhi izikhathi eziningi kufanele sisebenzise nje i- UCui Bono, ukwazi ukuthi avela kuphi futhi ngubani onentshisekelo. Kufanele nje ufunde i-athikili kaDkt Metzger ukuze uyiqonde. Nakhu ngiyishiya ...Umbuzo wokuhlola: Ingabe inja yami iyangithanda ngempela?
Ngaphandle kokuqhubeka, ngikushiya kuze kube yindatshana elandelayo. Ujabule futhi unakekele izinja zakho.