Sonke siye sazibuza ngamanye amaxesha ukuba izinja zibona njani. Ngaphambili, ibingumbuzo onzima ukuwuphendula, kodwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje Izifundo zesayensi zenziwe eziye zasivumela ukuba sifumane umbono wokuba umbono walezi zilwanyana unjani kanye kanye.
Amehlo lelinye lawona malungu axabisekileyo nakwezethu ezinoboya. Enkosi ngokubona, kunye nezinye izivamvo, baqonde umhlaba obangqongileyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubaluleke kakhulu kuye nawuphi na umnini ukuba azi ukuba izinja zibona njani, kuba zibona ngokwembono zahluke mpela kwezethu. Ukuqonda oku kuya kusinceda sibaqonde ngcono oontanga bethu.
Kuyimfuneko ukuyigxininisa loo nto izinja azinalo uluhlu olucekeceke lombala njengombono womntu, kuba azinazo ii-receptors zemibala emininzi, ekwabizwa ngokuba zii-'cones '. Nangona oku akuthethi ukuba babona umhlaba ngendlela embi, elowo unombono wakhe ohambelana neemfuno kunye nokusinda kwabo.
Kweli nqaku uya kufumana zonke iimpendulo kwesi sihloko sinomdla Oko kuyakunika umdla ngenxa yokuntsonkotha okukhulu kwelinye lawona malungu anomtsalane uninzi lwezinto eziphilayo ezinazo, ukubona.
Izinja ziyibona njani imibala?
Kwiminyaka eyadlulayo bekukholelwa ukuba izinja zibone ngombala omnyama nomhlophe, nangona kunjalo, izinja zibonisiwe ukuba ziyayiqonda imibala nazoEzinye, ezinjengeblue okanye tyheli, ngendlela efanayo nale yethu. Nangona kunjalo, eminye imibala ibabona ngokwahlukileyo: eluhlaza, umzekelo, ibonwa njengombala omthubi, nobomvu, njengombala omthubi bumdaka. Oku kuthetha ukuba umbono wakho uyafana nowalowo ungaboniyo ngombala. Kumfanekiso olandelayo uyabona Uyintoni umahluko phakathi kombono wamehlo omntu kunye nenja yenja:
Ukuba ujonga kufutshane, uyakubona ukuba oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomthubi uyibone ngokugqibeleleyo, kodwa loo mibala injengoluhlaza nobomvu ayinanto yakwenza nethoni esiyibonayo.
Oku, nangona kunjalo, akuchaphazeli kakubi ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla! Nokuba ku izinja azikwazi ukubona ngokucacileyo okufana nokwethu, zibona intshukumo ibangcono kakhulunditsho nakwiimeko eziphantsi zokukhanya.
Izinja ziyakwazi ukwahlula ngokulula phakathi kohlaza okwesibhakabhaka nephuzi; Nangona kunjalo, ababoni bomvu, orenji, okanye luhlaza. Ngesi sizathu, nanini na xa sisiya kubathengela into yokudlala entsha, kuyacetyiswa kakhulu ukuba ibe yimibala abanokwahlula ngayo.
Amehlo ezinja, njengezilwanyana ezininzi ezanyisayo, zineentlobo ezimbini ze-photoreceptors kwi-retina:
- Iinqanawa, ezo zisetyenziselwa ukuba zikwazi ukubona kwizithunzi kunye nabo banoxanduva lokuvelisa umbono we-scotopic (umbono obonakalayo owenzeka ngamanqanaba asezantsi kakhulu okukhanya).
- Iicones. Ubukho beentonga ezinjeni buphakame kakhulu kunobo beekhowuni, nto leyo icacisa ukuba kutheni ingenako ukwahlula imibala ngendlela efanayo nathi. Kodwa akuyomfuneko kakhulu.
Olu buchule lubenza babe ngabazingeli abagqwesileyo. Xa kuziwa ekuleqiseni ixhoba labo, ukuba lincinci, ngekhe bahlule kwimigama emide, kodwa ukuba iyahamba, kuya kuba lula ukuyigcina. Indaleko, izinja kufuneka zibone ngcono ebusuku kunasemini, kuba kulapho kanye ba sesichengeni sokuhlaselwa ngamarhamncwa anokubakho naxa besebenza kakhulu. Kodwa yeyiphi imibala abayibonayo? Ezi:
Izinja banendawo entle kakhulu yokujonga imeko, kwaye kwelinye icala, banomfundi omkhulu kakhulu, obavumela ukuba bangene ngakumbi ekukhanyeni, kungoko iiseli zabo zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu ebumnyameni.
Kwakhona, emehlweni abo kukho inwebu ebizwa itapetum lucidum esebenza njengesipili phambi kwemitha yokukhanya, ethi kamva ithunyelwe kwiiseli ezamkela. Oku kubenza bahambe njengentlanzi emanzini ngongcwalazi.
Wakhe wazibuza ukuba kutheni amehlo ezinja ekhanya ngokuqaqambileyo xa sibafota ebumnyameni? Unobangela yile membrane, iTapetum lucidum. Abanabanini!
Izinja zibukela njani umabonwakude?
Mhlawumbi ukhe wazibona izinja zakho zihleli phambi kwesofa zibukele umabonwakude. Sukuyenza impazamo, alilandelanga naliphi na ibali, ngokuqinisekileyo liphulaphule kuphela kuba ezinye izandi ziyabatsala.
Abantu, ngenxa yesakhono sethu esibonakalayo kunye nengqondo, banokwenza ibali kwimifanekiso elandelelanayo, kuba oku sifuna kuphela inani elithile lemifanekiso ukuze sidlule ngamehlo ethu, ukuze sikwazi ukubabona njengokulandelelana okuqhubekayo.
Ngaba uyazi ukuba ingqondo yakho iyakwazi ukuqhubekeka phakathi kwe-70 kunye ne-80 imifanekiso ngomzuzwana ngelixa eyethu imalunga ne-60 kuphela? Oku kuluncedo, kuba bengamarhamncwa, banokubamba ukuhamba kwexhoba elinokubakho ngokukhawuleza ngakumbi kunabantu
Inyaniso yokuba izinja ziyayibona intshukumo ngokunjalo inefuthe xa zibukele umabonwakude, ngakumbi ngezixhobo ezindala. Bafuna inani eliphezulu lemifanekiso ngomzuzwana ukuyibona ngokulandelelanaYiyo loo nto amaxesha amaninzi, kumabonwakude angaphambili, babebona abamhlophe okanye abadlula imifanekiso phakathi kwezakhelo, hayi imifanekiso ebukhali.
Ngenkcazo entsha yeethelevishini, umlinganiso wemifanekiso ngomzuzwana uphezulu, ke siyaqonda ukuba bayayixabisa imifanekiso elandelelanayo ngcono. Inyaniso, Izifundo zibonise ukuba banokunxibelelana nomabonwakude, ngakumbi ukuba izinja zibonakala zibhomboloza okanye zibhomboloza, kodwa akwaziwa ukuba bayayonwabela na.
Izinja zethu ezinoboya azidibani nezikrini njengoko sisenza, enyanisweni, izigqibo zokuqala zibonakala zibonisa ukuba xa inja ibukele umabonwakude, Andikwazi ukwenza isigqibo phakathi komnye wabo, jonga nje, ngaphandle kwezizathu ezikwenza ukuba wenze njalo.