I-Leishmaniasis sisifo esosulelayo ezibangelwa luhlobo lwee-protozoan parasites Uhlobo lweLeishmania, olunokonakalisa ulusu lwenja yethu kwaye kwangaxeshanye inwebu yangaphakathi, izicwili kunye namalungu anoxanduva lokuphuhliswa kweeseli zegazi, ezinje ngomongo, udakada nesibindi.
Esi sifo idluliselwa ngokulunywa yingcongconi osulelekileyo otya igazi kwaye aziwa ngamagama kaPhlebotomus kunye noLutzomya.
Iimpawu ze-leishmaniasis
Iimpawu ze-leishmaniasis ziyahluka kakhulu kwaye kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-leishmania osulelekileyo kunye nokusingqongileyo, unokuba mnandi kwaye kwezinye iimeko ezinzima kakhulu.
Iindidi ze-leishmaniasis
Zininzi iintlobo ze-leishmaniasis ezinjeni, kodwa zintathu izinto esinokuzithatha njengezona ziphambili:
- UkubonakalaYeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kunayo yonke kwaye inokubulala kwiimeko ezininzi.
- Ezinqumlayo: sesona siqhelekileyo, sivelisa izilonda kwaye sishiya amanye amanxeba abonakalayo.
- La zamanzi: yonakalisa inwebu yempumlo, umqala kunye nomlomo.
I-leishmaniasis yesiqhelo esinqumlayo
Le yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo kwaye kukuba xa ingcongconi yesandfly enesifo iluma inxenye yomzimba wenja yethu, ekuqaleni uhlobo lweefom zokungxama Iqala ukukhula kwaye xa kudlula iiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezine, kuvela iqhuqhuva elincinci elingenazintlungu, apho emva kokuvela ukhwekhwe, kweli candelo isilonda sibonakala simile kwaye sinemvelaphi epinki ecocekileyo efana ncam nentaba yentaba-mlilo .
Esi silonda inokuba yodwa kwaye kwezinye iimeko iphindaphindwe. Rhoqo, ii-lymph node zichaphazelekile, oku kunokubangela imifanekiso ye-lymphangitis kunye ne-lymphadenitis.
Kwiinyanga zokuqala zophuhliso, Esi silonda siya kukhula ngokuxhomekeke kwimpendulo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kwaso kunye nohlobo lwe-leishmania eyosulelekileyo.
Esi sifo sinokuvela ngokukhawuleza, sikhokelele kunyango oluzenzekelayo okanye ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Unokuba sisifo esinganyangekiyo ngakumbi. Xa isilonda siphilisa, kuyo nayiphi na imeko iya kushiya isikhumba nomonakalo womzimba ophindaphindwe kaninzi ube nengqondo.
I-leishmaniasis engacacanga okanye ebubuxoki
Este Uhlobo lwe-leishmaniasis Ingabonakala inyanga kunye neminyaka emva kokuba isilwanyana sakho sichaphazelekayo.
Kule meko, ii-parasites zisasazeka kwi-lymphatic kunye neendlela zegazi ngokusebenzisa i-lesion yangaphambili yesikhumba esele ipholile, yaphuka kwiimbumba zempumlo kunye nommandla we-pharynx. Olu hlobo lwe-leishmaniasis lubonakala kunqabile kwaye ihlala isenzeka xa kukho ukungalingani komzimba kunye nokomzimba kwaye ngenxa yengozi ethe ngqo kwindawo yempumlo okanye yomlomo.
Izilonda kwi-mucosa ziqala kwinqanaba le-septum yempumlo, Unokuba sisifo esinganyangekiyo kwaye kwangaxeshanye isasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye inokuzalisa kwaye ibangele umonakalo ongenakuphikiswa kwi-septum yempumlo, inkalakahla, ingqula kunye ne-nasopharynx, okukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu kwinja yethu ukuba iginye okanye ithethe kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi kukufa okugabadeleyo. iingxaki zokungunda okanye zebhaktiriya.
Olu hlobo lwe-leishmaniasis alunakuphilisa ngokuzenzekelayo. Amanxeba anokuhlala iminyaka emininzi ukuba ayinyangwa, kwaye xa usulelo lucoca, inja echaphazelekayo ihlala ifuna utyando lokwakha kwakhona.
Ukusasaza i-leishmaniasis esisikiweyo
Olu luhlobo olungaqhelekanga kwesi sifo, lubonakala ngokungabikho kwempendulo yomzimba kumamkeli zindwendwe, Iseli-Mediated ngokuchaseneyo sisidleleleli.
Oku kubangela ukuba bavelise ngendlela engalawulekiyo, kubangela inani elikhulu leepapuli ukuba zivele, amaqhuqhuva okanye amacwecwe athe saa kuwo wonke umzimba.
Uphuhliso lolu hlobo i-leishmaniasis ezinjeni Iyacotha kakhulu kwaye ayinyangeki ngokuzenzekelayo, izilwanyana ezinengxaki yesi sifo zihlala zisiba mbi emva kokusebenzisa unyango.
I-leishmaniosis ebonakalayo
Ikwaziwa njengegama leKala-Azar. Eyona nto iphambili apha njenge-leishmaniasis yinja yasekhaya naxa ingafunyanwa okanye inyangwe ngexesha izinga labo lokusweleka lenyuka ngokubonakalayo.
Emva kwexesha lokufukama elimalunga neenyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezine emva kokulunywa yintlanzi, iimpawu zesi sifo ziqala ukubonakala ephawulwa ngokubonisa umkhuhlane ophezulu kakhulu, onokuqala ngendlela yokuxolelwa okanye yexeshana, ehlala iiveki ezininzi, emva koko inyanzelise kwaye kwangaxeshanye ikhatshwa kukuwohloka kwemeko yenja yezempilo egulayo nangenxa yokuba udakada , Isibindi, umongo wethambo kunye ne-lymph node zichaphazelekayo.
Izinja ezifumana esi sifo zibonisa ukwehla kwesisindo ukuya kufikelela ukungondleki okugqithisileyo. Kwangokunjalo, ukubonakala kwamabala ahlaziyiweyo okanye afakwe ibala kunye namaqhuqhuva amakhulu kakhulu kulusu aqhelekile.
Unyango lwe-leishmaniasis ezinjeni
Unyango olusetyenziswa kukhetho lokuqala lwazo naziphi na iindlela ze-leishmaniasis lunazo iipimonvalent antimonials, ekhoyo kwimiboniso emibini, i-meglumine antimoniate, equlathe i-85 mg yemolekyuli ye-Sbv nge-ml, kunye ne-sodium stibogluconate, ene-100 mg yayo, iziyobisi ezisebenza ngokungenelela kwi-bioenergetics ye-parasite.
Kwelinye icala, phakathi kwe unyango lwesibini kwimeko apho i-parasite iphikisana nokuchasana ne-pentavalent antimonials sinokufumana oku kulandelayo:
Amphotericin, ethi yi-polyene kakhulu yokubola esebenzayo esetyenziswa ngokuchasene ne-leishmaniasis kwaye ilawulwa ngaphakathi. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuthintelwe kuba kubangela iingxaki ezibi kakhulu.
IPentamidine isothionate, yile nto sisiyobisi esinuka kamnandi esivela kwi-diamidine. Inetyhefu ngakumbi kune-amphotericin B kunye ne-pentavalent antimonials.
IParamomycin sulphate, i-aminoglycoside antibiotic ethi ilawulwa intramuscularly ethintela ukudityaniswa kweprotein kwaye oku kuguqula ukufunxwa kwembumba yeseli yezidleleleli.
IMiltefosine, enkosi kwindlela yokusebenza kwayo ivumela ukuthintelwa kwemetabolism ye-lipid membrane ye sisidleleleli. Ifakwa ngomlomo kwaye ikwabangela isicaphucaphu, urhudo, ukugabha kunye neentlungu esiswini.
Ukuhanjiswa kwe-leishmaniasis eSpain
Ubuncinane zine iindidi zeentlanzi ezifumaneka kuSingasiqithi weIberia nakwiiBalearic Islands, esi sinambuzane. luphawulwa ngokuba noboya obuninzi, ziimilimitha nje ezimbalwa ngobukhulu nephuzi ngombala.