Ukuhanjiswa kwamayeza yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kwaye intekenteke ekufuneka ilawulwe yingcali kwaye kwimeko yezilwanyana akukho mahluko. Amaxesha amaninzi umntu uwela kwimpazamo yokuzinyanga ngokwakho, nangona kunjalo le ndlela kufuneka isuswe kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwonyango akufuneki kujongelwe phantsi.
Ingxaki yezidleleli kwizilwanyana zasekhaya ezinjengezinja kunye neekati kufuneka zilawulwe ngaphandle kokungakhathali. Ukuyityeshela le ngxaki kunemiphumo emibi kwizilwanyana nakubanini bazo. Olona manyano lusebenzayo ekulweni iiparasites yi-milbemax Kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ubungakanani beliyeza.
Ulwazi olusisiseko
Eyona nto ifanelekileyo kukuthobela imigaqo yezonyango kwaye uzazise ngeyona ndlela ichanekileyo. IMilbemax liyeza elivela kwiilebhu zeNovartis Sanidad Animal SL, ethi iqulethe into esebenzayo antiparasite eyaziwa ngokuba yi-milbemycin oxime. Eli khompawundi lelolamaqela e-macrocyclic lactones, ahlukaniswe nokubila kwe IStreptomyces hygroscopicus var Aureolacrimosus y isetyenziswa ngokuchasene nezidleleleli zangaphakathi zezinja neekati. Izidleleleli ezihlaselayo ziintshulube zesisu esisematode.
IMilbemax isebenza njenge-anthelmintic, Oko kukuthi, uhlaselo lwe-helminth okanye i-worm. Isenzo sayo siyakhawuleza kwaye sichanekile, nokuba kungenxa yokuba siyabasusa okanye ngenxa yokuba sibangela ukuba bashiye umzimba, ngaloo ndlela benciphisa umthwalo wesifunxi-gazi ngaphandle kokushiya iingxaki.
Iimpawu ze-pharmacological ze-milbemax Zisebenza ngokuchasene namangolwane kwisigaba sombungu nesivuthiweyo seematodes. Kuyasebenza nakwinqanaba le-larval le I-Dirofilaria immitis, uhlobo lwesifunxi-gazi esilaliswe ezinjeni ngokuqinisekileyo.
Inqanaba lokuzala lenzeka kwimithambo yegazi kunye ne-ventricle yasekunene yentliziyo yenja. Esi sifunxi-gazi sinokuphila iminyaka emininzi kwaye sibangele umqala we-canine, isifo esibi kakhulu ezinjeni.
Indlela iMilbemax esebenza ngayo kukubangela utshintsho lweekhemikhali kwimetabolism yomzimba wesilwanyana esichaphazelekayo. Iimpethu zinobuzaza kolu tshintsho kuba imeko enobutshaba yenzelwe iiparasites. Olu tshintsho, umzekelo, ukuthintelwa kwe-mitochondrial fumarate reductase, kunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kweswekile okanye ukungafakwanga i-phosphorylation ye-oxidative.
Umsebenzi weli chiza kwi-neurotransmission ye-invertebrates, milbemycin oxime, efanayo ne-avermectins kunye nezinye i-milbemycins, yonyusa ukugcwala kwembumba yee-nematode kunye nezinambuzane kwii-chloride ion, Ngamajelo e-chloride ion, alawulwa yi-glutamate (enxulumene ne-GABA kunye ne-glycine receptors kwii-vertebrate).
Oku kubangela i-hyperpolarization ye-membrane ye-neuromuscular. ngokukhubazeka kwe-flaccid kunye nokufa okulandelayo kwee-parasites. IPraziquantel sisiphumo se-acyl se-pyrazino-isoquinoline.
IPraziquantel iyasebenza ngokuchasene neestestode kunye neetrematode, ukusukela oko iguqula ukungqinisisa kweembumba zecarasite kwicalcium (Ca2 + ukunyuka) kubangela ukungalingani kulwakhiwo lwembumba kwaye kukhokelele ekunciphiseni inwebu kunye nokuqhekeka phantse kwangoko kwesihlunu (i-tetany), ukugxothwa ngokukhawuleza kokungqinelani kunye nokuchithwa kwentsingiselo elandelayo (ukubhobhoza), okuphelela apho ukugxothwa kwesidleleli esiswini okanye ukufa kwaso.
Iimpawu kunye nomthamo
Unyango nge-milbemax Kuboniswa kwizinja ezinosulelo oluxubekileyo kunye neecestode, kunye nematode (I-Ancylostoma caninum, I-Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, I-Trichuris vulpis, I-Crenosoma vulpis). Kule nqanaba lokugqibela, inqanaba losulelo liyancitshiswa. Eli yeza lingasetyenziselwa ukuthintela i-Dirofilaria immitis.
Umthamo we-antiparasitics uxhomekeke kwimimiselo yelizwe ngalinye. Kukho iingcebiso ezithile zedosi ye-milbemycin oxime ekhutshwe ngabavelisi, ebhalwe kupapasho lwenzululwazi.
Iyeza Ihlala isetyenziswa kwizinja ezinobunzima obungaphantsi kweekhilogram ezintlanu nangaphantsi kuphela ukugada okungqongqo kwezilwanyana. Kuya kufuneka usoloko ufunda ilebheli kuba kukho umahluko ngokuxhomekeke kwilizwe.
- Izinja ukusuka kwi-0,5 ukuya kwi-1 kg ye-bw: 1/2 ithebhulethi izinja ezincinci.
- Izinja ezine-1 ukuya kwi-5 kg yeebw: ithebhulethi enye yezinja ezincinci.
- Izinja ezinobunzima obungaphezulu kwe-5 ukuya kwi-10 kg yeebw: iipilisi ezimbini zezinja ezincinci.
- Izinja ezine-5 ukuya kwi-20 kg ye-bw: ithebhulethi yenja e-1.
- Izinja ezinobunzima obungaphezu kwama-25 ukuya kuma-50 kg bw: iipilisi ezimbini zenja.
- Izinja ezinobunzima obungaphezu kwama-50 ukuya kuma-75 kg bw: iipilisi ezimbini zenja.
Imveliso akufuneki isetyenziselwe izinja kwiikati okanye ngokuchaseneyo, okanye kwizilwanyana ezikhulu kwizilwanyana ezincinci. Kukho iintlobo zezinja ezingayinyamezeliyo i-milbemycin oxime kakuhle okanye ezinye ii-macrocyclic lactones ezinje nge-doramectin, ivermectin, moxidectin, selamectin, emodepside, okanye amanye amayeza angenayo i-antiparasitic.
Kwiidosi eziphezulu kunokuba kucetyisiwe inokubonisa iingxaki zokunyamezelana ezingaphezulu okanye ezingaphantsi. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba idosi kufuneka yenziwe ngokuchanekileyo ngangokunokwenzeka.
Amatyala apho Ingqwalaselo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwiiCollies kunye nokuzala okulandelayo, ezinokutshintsha (kwi-MDR-1 gene) ezichaphazela isithintelo segazi-nengqondo esithintela iziyobisi ezithile ukuba zingene kwingqondo ye-mammalian.
Ukongeza kwiCollies, ezinye iintlobo zikwabonakalise iingxaki ezifanayo, ezinje ngeBobtail, iBorder Collie, Bearded Collie, McNab, Silken Greyhound, Whippet Greyhound, Australia Shepherd, White Swiss Shepherd, English Shepherd, Shetland Shepherd, Wäller, nangona inguquko. Iziphene azikaqinisekiswa kuzo zonke ezi ntlobo.
Sebenzisa iMilbemax kufuneka ilandele ukwenziwa kwamanyathelo afanelekileyo okuqonda isifo kusulelo oluxubeneyo ngeematodes kunye ne-ceizitokhweUkujonga imbali kunye neempawu zesilwanyana, ezinje ngobudala, impilo, okusingqongileyo (izinja ezivalelweyo, izinja ezizingelayo), ukutya (ukufikelela kwinyama ekrwada), indawo ekuyo kunye nokuhamba.
Isigqibo sokulawula imveliso ezinjeni ezisemngciphekweni wokosulelwa kwakhona okanye kwiimeko ezithile zomngcipheko kufuneka zenziwe ngugqirha wezilwanyana onoxanduva. Iimpawu zeklinikhi kwizinja zikaCollie ziyafana nezo zibonwa kubemi ngokubanzi bezinja ezigqithisileyo.
Unyango lwezinja ezinenani eliphezulu lama-microfilarial parasites kunokukhokelela kuphuhliso lwe-hypersensitivity ezinje ngembumba yencindi emthubi, ukugabha, ukungcangcazela, ukuphefumla kancinci, okanye ukugcoba okugqithisileyo. Ezi mpendulo zinxulunyaniswa nokukhutshwa kweeproteni kwi-microfilariae efileyo okanye efayo, kwaye ayizizo iziphumo eziyityhefu ngokuthe ngqo kweziyobisi.
Akukho zifundo zaziwayo kwizinja ezibuthathaka kakhulu okanye kubantu abanezintso ezonakalisiweyo okanye isibindi, kuba i-milbemax ayikhuthazwa kwezi zilwanyana ngaphandle kokuba kuvavanyiwe.