I-Leysmaniasis sisifo esiya saziwa ngakumbi kwaye esineziganeko eziphezulu kwiindawo ezithile zejografi. Kungenxa yokuba esi sifo sidluliselwa zizinambuzane ezifunxa igazi, ezidlula Leishmania donovani kwinja. Ingxaki kukuba sisifo esisasazeka ngokulula, ke kunzima ukusilawula, kwaye sinokubulala okanye sibulale inja.
Ngamanye amaxesha ILysmaniasis ayinayo okanye inempawu ezithile kuphela. Njengazo zonke izifo, ukuxilongwa kwangexesha kunokunceda inja yethu kakhulu kwaye undwendwelo kugqirha wezilwanyana kuya kunyanzeleka ukuba uyazi imeko yenja kunye nonyango olunokwenzeka. Kodwa kuqala, njengabanini, kufuneka sifunde ukuqaphela iimpawu kunye nezigulo ezinokubakho.
Yintoni leismaniasis
I-canine leismaniosis okanye i-canine leishmaniasis sisifo esaziwa njenge isifo sengcongconi. Sisifo esirhorhayo esenza ukuba iprotozoan encinci ibanjwe yingcongconi. Kungenxa yoko le nto ingezizo zonke iingcongconi ezidlulisela esi sifo, kodwa kunokuthiwa kukho iindawo apho zinokudluliselwa khona. Sisifo esinokuchaphazela izinja kodwa nabantu xa belunywa yingcongconi. Kukho iindawo apho iimeko ezininzi zenzekile, kuba zininzi iingcongconi ezithwala iprotozoa. Le yimimandla yeMeditera, iHuelva kunye nommandla ophakathi wePeninsula. Oku akuthethi ukuba kwezinye iindawo le ngxaki ayikho, kuphela kukuba ayixhaphakanga.
Iimpawu zesi sifo
Nangona zikhona izinja ezingabonisi zimpawu okanye ezibonisa ezinye, zikhona iimpawu eziqhelekileyo kwesi sifo. Inkqubo ye- iingxaki zolusu ngesikhumba esomileyo kunye ukulahleka kweenwele ngamehlo enja, iindlebe, kunye nempumlo zezona mpawu ziimpawu zesi sifo. Ngexesha kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo, inja iyancipha, enokusongela ubomi, kuba iingxaki zezintso ziqhelekile. Yiyo loo nto ukuxilongwa kwayo kwangoko kubalulekile ukubonelela ngonyango olunyanzelekileyo oluyincedayo inja.
Kukho ezinye iimpawu ezinokuthi zithathelwe ingqalelo ukuqaphela esi sifo. Iimpawu ze-lymph zingandiswa. Banokuboniswa iingxaki zamehlo ezinje ngokudibana okanye i-blepharitis. Kunokubakho umonakalo kwipeni kunye nesibindi sobunzima obahlukeneyo. Kwabaninzi kukho ukwehla kobunzima kunye nokubetha kwezihlunu. Nangona kunjalo, ukufikelela kwisiphelo, kuya kufuneka kwenziwe uvavanyo ukuze kuthintelwe ezinye izifo ezinokubakho.
Uxilongo lwe-leysmaniasis
Ngugqirha wezilwanyana ekufuneka enze uxilongo olufanelekileyo kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimpawu zenja anokuziqonda kunye nezo sizichazayo. Uxilongo kufuneka lwenziwe emva koko izifundo zeserological, parasitological kunye neemolekyuli. Ukufikelela kuvavanyo kuphela ngokujonga imeko yenja akunakwenzeka, kuba ipesenti ephezulu yezinja ayinasifo. Eyona ixhaphakileyo ukumisela i-leishmaniasis luvavanyo lwe-immunofluorescence, uvavanyo lwe-serological yenye yezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Izicubu okanye i-lymph node smears, umchamo okanye uvavanyo lwegazi lunokwenziwa.
Unyango sesifo
Kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, xa isifo kwafunyaniswa ukuba, ukubulawa kwesifo kwakusoloko kucetyiswa ukuba inja. Oku kwenziwa kuba akukho lonyango lubulala ngokupheleleyo iprotozoan ehanjisiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku esi sifo siyalawuleka kwaye siphumelele ukunciphisa iimpawu kunye nokuhanjiswa kwe-leysmaniasis ngamayeza afanelekileyo. Ngenxa yale nkqubela phambili akusafuneki ukuba kuphele ubomi benja, kuba inokukhokelela kubomi obuqhelekileyo kwaye ingabinabungozi kwezinye izilwanyana ezikuloo ndawo.
Unyango lwangoku, bahlala bexuba amayeza aliqela ngexesha elinye. I-Antimony, i-aminosidine, i-allopurinol, okanye i-pentamidine zihlala zisetyenziswa. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-antimony kuyacetyiswa kakhulu kwizinja ze-asymptomatic, kwaye iziphumo zayo ezibi zihlala zibuyela umva. Ingcali yezilwanyana ethi, ngokuxhomekeke kwinkqubela phambili nakwimeko yesi sifo, imisele olona nyango lusemagqabini.
Kubalulekile ukuzama ukukhathalela ulusu lwenja ngawo onke amaxesha, ukubonelela nge-hydration. Ukongeza, kuya kufuneka ukhethe elungileyo ukutya kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wokutya, kuba esi sifo sihlala sibangela ukwehla kobunzima. Kwelinye icala, ukuhlolwa rhoqo kugqirha wezilwanyana kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba umzimba wenja kunye nesifo siguquka njani. Ngalo lonke ixesha kufuneka wenze iimvavanyo ukuze wazi ukuba inja inengxaki yezintso, i-anemia okanye ukungondleki.
Uthintelo soloko lungcono
Ingxaki ngezifo ezinje ngeleismaniasis kukuba xa sele inentsholongwane, izinja azisenalo unyango, kodwa zinokunikwa unyango ukunciphisa iimpawu kunye nokuphepha ukosuleleka kunye neengxaki. Kungenxa yoko le nto kwezi meko zihlala zihlala Uthintelo luyacetyiswa, njengoko yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba izinja zihlala zisempilweni. Kubalulekile ukuba sazi ukuba sikwindawo apho kukho ipesenti ephezulu okanye esezantsi, kuba ukuba ingummandla okhoyo, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okhuseleko kakhulu.
Ngokubanzi, into edla ngokwenziwa kukuphepha iindawo ezinokubakho iingcongconi. Ngexesha lehlobo lasehlotyeni kulapho kukho umngcipheko omkhulu. Ukongeza, iindawo apho kukho amanzi amileyo okanye iindawo zemilambo apho kukho inani elikhulu leengcongconi kufuneka zithintelwe. Asinakuze sazi ukuba ezi ngcongconi zingayosulela inja okanye hayi, ke ukuba siyayiphepha le mimandla siya kunciphisa amathuba osulelo. Kwelinye icala, ukuba sihlala kwindawo eneengcongconi ezininzi, kunjalo Kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa iziphikisi ezithile izinja, ukuze zingabenzakalisi xa bezikhotha ulusu lwabo. Kukho iikhola ezinceda ukuthintela iingcongconi zingazilumi, ezinokuba luncedo kakhulu kwezi ndawo.