I-Leishmaniasis yisifo sohlobo oluthathelwanayo kubangelwa uhlobo lwama-protozoan parasites wohlobo lweLeishmania, olungalimaza isikhumba senja yethu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ulwelwesi lwamafinyila, izicubu nezitho ezibhekele ukuthuthukiswa kwamangqamuzana egazi, njengomnkantsha, ubende nesibindi.
Lokhu kugula idluliswa ngokulunywa omiyane onegciwane odla igazi futhi aziwa ngamagama kaPhlebotomus noLutzomya.
Izimpawu ze-leishmaniasis
Izimpawu ze-leishmaniasis ziyahlukahluka kakhulu futhi kuya ngohlobo lwe-leishmania elithelelekile kanye nemvelo, ingaba yingozi futhi kwezinye izimo ezinzima kakhulu.
Izinhlobo ze-leishmaniasis
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-leishmaniasis ezinjeni, kepha kunezinhlobonhlobo ezintathu esingazithatha njengeziyinhloko:
- I-visceral: Kuyinto ebucayi kunazo zonke futhi ingabulala ezimweni eziningi.
- Okusikiwe: Yiyona evame kakhulu, ikhiqiza izilonda bese ishiya ezinye izibazi ezibonakala kakhulu.
- La amafinyela: kulimaza ulwelwesi lwamafinyila emakhaleni, emphinjeni nasemlonyeni.
I-leishmaniasis esezingeni eliphakeme
Le yindlela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke futhi ngukuthi lapho umiyane onesandulela ngculazi onegciwane uluma ingxenye yomzimba wenja yethu, ekuqaleni uhlobo lwamafomu wokuqubuka Iqala ukukhula futhi kuthi lapho kudlula amasonto amabili kuya kwamane kudlule iqhubu elincane futhi elingenabuhlungu, lapho ngemuva kokuqhuma uqweqwe, kule ngxenye kuvela isilonda esinesimo esiyindilinga futhi sinengemuva elihlanzekile elibomvana, sifana kakhulu nentaba intabamlilo.
Lesi isilonda kungaba eyodwa futhi kwezinye izimo futhi amaningi. Imvamisa ama-lymph node ayathinteka, lokhu kungasibangela izithombe ze-lymphangitis ne-lymphadenitis.
Ezinyangeni zokuqala zentuthuko, lesi silonda sizokhula ngokuya ngempendulo yomzimba womsizi waso kanye nohlobo lwe-leishmania elinegciwane.
Lesi sifo singashintsha ngokushesha, siholele ekwelapheni okuzenzekelayo noma ngendlela ehlukile. ingaba yimbi kakhulu. Lapho isilonda siphola, kunoma yisiphi isimo sizoshiya isibazi ngomonakalo ongokomzimba okungathi izikhathi eziningi size sibe ngokwengqondo.
I-leishmaniasis enama-mucocutaneous noma enamanga
Este uhlobo lwe-leishmaniasis Kungabonakala izinyanga ngisho neminyaka ngemuva kokuthinteka kwesilwane sethu.
Kulokhu, izimuncagazi zisakazeka emizileni ye-lymphatic neyegazi ngesilonda esidlule sesikhumba ebesivele saphola, singena kolwelwesi lwamafinyila lwasendaweni nendawo yepharynx. Lolu hlobo lwe-leishmaniasis lubonakala kungavamile futhi kuvame ukwenzeka lapho kunokungalingani kwamasosha omzimba noma komzimba futhi ngenxa yokuhlukumezeka okuthile okuqonde ngqo endaweni yekhala noma yomlomo.
Izilonda ze-mucosal ziqala ezingeni leseptum yamakhala, kungaba okungapheli futhi ngasikhathi sinye isakazeka ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ingagcwalisa futhi idale umonakalo ongalungiseki ku-septum yamakhala, ulwanga, umphimbo kanye ne-nasopharynx, okuholele ezinkingeni ezinkulu ukuthi inja yethu igwinye noma ikhulume futhi ezimweni eziningi ukufa ngokweqile, into ebangelwa izinkinga zesikhunta zesibili noma zebhaktheriya.
Lolu hlobo lwe-leishmaniasis alulapheki ngokuzenzekelayo. Amanxeba angahlala iminyaka eminingi uma eshiywe engalashwa, futhi lapho ukutheleleka kuqeda, inja ethintekile ivame ukudinga ukuhlinzwa okwakha kabusha.
Ukusabalalisa leishmaniasis enqamulelayo
Lolu uhlobo oluyinqaba kakhulu lwalesi sifo, lubonakala ngokungabikho kwempendulo yomzimba kumgcini ophethe, Ukuqhathaniswa kwamaseli amagciwane.
Lokhu kubangela ukuthi bazalane ngendlela engalawulwa, okwenza inani elikhulu lama-papules avele, amaqhuqhuva noma izingqwembe ezisabalele ebusweni bonke bomzimba.
Ukuthuthuka kwalolu hlobo lwe leishmaniasis ezinjeni Kuhamba kancane futhi akuphulukisi ngokuzenzekelayo, izilwane ezihlushwa yilesi sifo zivame ukuba zimbi kakhulu ngemuva kokusebenzisa umuthi.
I-visceral leishmaniosis
Kuyaziwa futhi ngegama leKala-Azar. Isidalwa esiyinhloko esisingatha lolu hlobo lwe-leishmaniasis yinja yasekhaya nalapho ingatholakali noma yelashwe ngesikhathi izinga lokufa kwabo lenyuka kakhulu.
Ngemuva kwesikhathi sokufukamela cishe izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezine ngemuva kokulunywa kwesihlabathi esinegciwane, izimpawu zalesi sifo ziqala ukubonakala esibonakala ngokwethula umkhuhlane ophakeme impela, ongaqala ngendlela yokupholisa amandla noma okwexeshana, okuhlala amasonto ambalwa, bese kuba nokuphikelela okukhulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuhambisane nokuwohloka okuthuthukile kwesimo sempilo yenja esigulayo ngoba ubende, isibindi, umnkantsha kanye nama-lymph node kuyathinteka.
Izinja ezihlushwa yilesi sifo zibonisa ukwehla kwesisindo okuqhubekayo kuze kube ukufinyelela ku-a ukungondleki ngokweqile. Ngokunjalo, ukuvela kwamabala axegisiwe noma ane-hyperpigmented kanye namaqhuqhuva amakhulu ebusweni besikhumba kuyajwayeleka kakhulu.
Ukwelashwa kwe-leishmaniasis ezinjeni
Imithi esetshenziswa ekukhetheni kokuqala kwanoma yiziphi izinhlobo ze-leishmaniasis ikhona ama-antimonials we-pentavalent, etholakala ezethulweni ezimbili, i-meglumine antimoniate, equkethe ama-85 mg we-molecule ye-Sbv nge-ml, ne-sodium stibogluconate, ne-100 mg yayo, izidakamizwa ezisebenza ngokuphazamisa i-bioenergetics ye-parasite.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, phakathi kwe- ukwelashwa okukhethwa kukho kwesibili uma kwenzeka i-parasite iphikisana nokumelana nama-antimonials we-pentavalent singathola okulandelayo:
I-Amphotericin, okuyi kuyinto antifungal polyene kakhulu esebenzayo esetshenziswa ukulwa ne-leishmaniasis futhi ilawulwa ngemithambo yegazi. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kukhawulelwe kakhulu ngoba kudala izinkinga ezinzima kakhulu.
IPentamidine isothionate, kulokhu isidakamizwa esinamakha esisuselwa ku-diamidine. Inobuthi kakhulu kune-amphotericin B kanye nama-antimonials we-pentavalent.
I-Paramomycin sulfate, i-aminoglycoside antibiotic leyo ilawulwa nge-intramuscularly okuvimbela ukuhlanganiswa kwamaprotheni bese kuguqula ukumunca ulwelwesi lwama-parasite lweseli.
IMiltefosine, okubonga indlela yokusebenza kwayo ivumela ukuvinjelwa komzimba we-lipid ulwelwesi lwe amagciwane. Ifakwa ngomlomo futhi ibanga isicanucanu, isifo sohudo, ukuhlanza nobuhlungu besisu.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-leishmaniasis eSpain
Okungenani izinhlobo ezine zama-sandflies zitholakala eNhlonhlweni Yase-Iberia naseziQhingini zaseBalearic, lesi sinambuzane ibonakala ngokuba nezinwele kakhulu, ngamamilimitha ambalwa ngosayizi nephuzi ngombala.